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Glossary for Contact Lenses

We’ve explained below some important terms related to contact lenses and vision care. If you have further questions about these or other eye care terms, please contact us.


• Aspheric lens
  A lens that resembles an ellipse, parabola, or other conic section rather than a sphere. It can be designed to improve the fit and comfort of a lens by paralleling the cornea more closely or to provide a progressive bifocal effect.


• Astigmatism
  A condition where the cornea is irregularly shaped, causing distorted vision especially at near distances. Either prescription glasses or Toric contact lenses can correct astigmatism for most people.


• Axis
  The principal meridian of a cylindrical lens (in reference to contact lenses, the flattest meridian of a toric contact lens).


• Base curve
  The central posterior (inside surface) curve of a contact lens. The measurement of the base curve is actually that of the radius of curvature of the sphere from which the lens is made.


• Bifocal lenses
  A type of spectacle or contact lenses that include two focal areas: one for near and one for distance.


• Cleaning solution
  Used for cleaning contact lenses. A few drops are applied to the lens’ surfaces and rubbed gently for about 20 seconds. This loosens any dirt that might have accumulated on the lens’ surfaces. The lenses are then rinsed off with a saline solution.


• Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that lines the eyelids (palpebral conjunctiva) and the sclera (bulbar conjunctiva).


• Conjunctivitis: An allergic, infectious, or chemically-induced inflammation of the conjunctiva.


• Cornea
  Clear front eye tissue that covers the iris and pupil and admits light. Contact lenses either fully or partially cover the cornea.


• Corneal Edema: Swelling and fluid retention in the cornea, usually related to lack of sufficient oxygen in contact lens wearers.


• Daily wear lens
  Worn during waking hours and removed at the end of each day for cleaning and disinfecting.


• Disinfectant
  A chemical that inhibits the growth of or destroys harmful microorganisms such as bacteria.


• Disinfecting/soaking solution
  A solution used for disinfecting the lenses. Once the lenses have been cleaned, fill the chambers of your storage case with enough disinfecting solution to cover the lenses. Allow your lenses to soak and disinfect overnight. Always use fresh disinfecting solution.


• Disposable contact lens
  These are lenses worn for a specified period of time. Disposable contact lenses come as Daily Disposables, 2-week Disposables, Monthly Disposables and Yearly Disposables. Due to hygiene issues many companies have now stopped manufacturing Yearly Disposable lenses. After the specified period these lenses are discarded and replaced with a new lenses.


• DK value
  A measure of the oxygen transmitted by a contact lens material


• Dry eye syndrome
  Dry eye usually occurs when eyes don't produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly because of environmental conditions. Contact lens wearers, computer operators, post- menopausal women, and people with allergies are most susceptible to chronic dry eye.


• Emmetropia
  The condition of the normal eye when parallel rays are focused exactly on the retina and vision is perfect.


• Enzyme cleaner
  An extra-strength cleaner, typically used weekly, to remove stubborn deposits from contact lenses.


• EOP (Equivalent Oxygen Percentage)
  A lens that is impermeable to oxygen is said to have an EOP of zero; a lens completely permeable to oxygen would have an EOP of 21 (the same as the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere). The EOP of a contact lens falls between zero and 21, depending upon its material.


• Extended wear lens
  These lenses can be worn without removal for sleeping. Most extended wear lenses are worn continuously for a week. Some brands also offer monthly Extended wear lenses.


• Farsightedness
  A condition where there is difficulty in seeing near objects clearly.


• Ghost Image
  A shadow-like image alongside letters or objects caused by residual astigmatism, poorly-fitting lenses, or badly-coated lenses.


• GP contact lens
  Also known as a gas permeable or RGP (rigid gas permeable). These lenses are made of breathable plastic that has been custom fitted to the shape of the cornea. GP contact lenses are long-lasting, comfortable, easy to clean, and healthy for the eyes.


• Hard contact lens
  These lenses are made of an inflexible plastic material called PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate). These were the first contact lenses in wide use. Hard lenses have become virtually obsolete because of their inability to allow Oxygen to reach the cornea.


• Hypermetropia
  Also known as Farsightedness. A condition where there is difficulty in seeing near objects clearly.


• Iris
  The Iris is the colored portion of the eye and is a muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil which in turn controls the amount of light that enters the eye.


• Keratitis
  An inflammation of the cornea that can be caused by mechanical irritation, solution sensitivity, allergy, infection, or other disease process.


• LASIK
  Abbreviation for laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis, a surgical procedure in which a tiny flap is cut in the top of the cornea, underlying corneal tissue is removed with a laser and the flap is put back in place. The surgery corrects vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism.


• Mixed Solution Syndrome
  A toxic red eye caused by mixing contact lens solutions with incompatible preservatives or active ingredients and wearing a lens that has been soaked in the resulting solution.


• Monovision
  This is a contact lens fitting technique that is an alternative to bifocal glasses, bifocal contacts, or reading glasses. One eye is fitted with a contact lens for distance vision, and the other eye is fitted for near vision. Although it is an effective technique, it does have disadvantages. For example, many people who use monovision report compromised depth perception.


• Multifocal
  A type of spectacle or contact lens design that includes more than one focal area. Bifocals and trifocals are both multifocal lenses.


• Myopia
  Also known as Nearsightedness - a condition where there is difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly.


• Nearsightedness
  Also known as Myopia - a condition where there is difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly.


• Ophthalmologist
  Ophthalmologists are medical doctors (MDs) who are eye specialists. They perform eye examinations, treat eye diseases and perform surgery.


• Optician
  Opticians are not doctors but they can become certified, after special training, to fit contact lenses.


• Optometrist
  Doctors of optometry (ODs) complete post-graduate optometry school. Optometrists examine eyes for both vision and health problems, prescribe glasses, and fit contact lenses. They can prescribe many ophthalmic medications and often participate in pre- and post-operative care.


• Presbyopia
  An age-related condition in which the eye loses its ability to focus properly, resulting in blurred close-range vision. The individual is no longer able to read clearly and typically requires reading glasses or corrective contact lenses.


• Progressive lenses
  Like bifocals and trifocals, progressive lenses provide clear vision at all distances: near, intermediate, and far.


• Pupil
  The small dark portion in the center of the eye, the pupil opens and closes to regulate the amount of light, and thus the amount of visual information, the retina receives.


• Refraction
  A measurement of the eyes to determine the level of visual acuity. Most refractions are performed by optometrists, though many ophthalmologists do them as well. Refractions often result in a prescription for glasses or contact lenses.


• Refractive surgery
  Any type of surgery, whether performed with a blade, laser, or waterjet, that corrects visual acuity. LASIK is a type of refractive surgery.


• Retina
  Is a thin tissue in the back of the eye that receives an image formed by the lens and converts it to electrical impulses carried by the optic nerve to the brain.


• Residual Astigmatism
  The amount of astigmatism that remains after a patient has been fit with contact lenses.


• Rewetting solution
  Drops that contact lens wearers can use all day if needed to keep the eye moist.


• RGP contact lens
  Abbreviation for rigid gas permeable lens. Same as GP (gas permeable) contact lens.


• Saline solution
  Sterile salt solution used to clean and store soft contact lenses. Saline is also used to rinse both soft lenses and GP contacts.


• Soft contact lens
  Made of gel-like plastic, soft contact lenses contain varying amounts of water. They provide good initial comfort for first-time wearers but must be replaced often.


• Superpermeable lens
  A rigid contact lens that transmits very high amounts of oxygen.


• Toric contact lens
  A contact lens designed for correcting astigmatism.


• Trifocal
  A type of spectacle or contact lens design that includes three focal areas: for reading, for mid- distance viewing and for faraway viewing.


• Wetting solution
  Drops used to ease the process of applying a GP lens to the eye. Wetting solution may also be used to relieve dryness after several hours of lens wear.